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One popular characterization of quantum states is through Glauber's correlators $g^{(n)}$ (the most famous one being $g^{(2)}$). We provided a nice way to explore the Hilbert space of all quantum states using those as flashlights (see Wading through the Hilbert space).
Gaussian states are those which can be created only with displacement operators and squeezing.
The precise one-mode definition is:[1]
A Gaussian state is pure iff the determinant of the coherence variance matrix = 1.[2][3]