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Quantum Polaritonics

As light-matter superpositions, polaritons have an intrinsic quantum formulation. This page discusses quantum information processing with—and the nonclassical physics of—polaritons.

Although they are naturally understood and described as quantum objects, polaritons are intrinsically classical, unless you push them into the quantum regime. One way to do that easily is to excite them directly with quantum light.

Some works take a safe stand and refer to "analogue qubits", which could be useful although essentially classical objects or lacking important quantum features such as entanglement.

Related works

• Squeezing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime. J. Ph. Karr, A. Baas, R. Houdré and E. Giacobino in Phys. Rev. A 69:R031802 (2004).
• Branch-entangled polariton pairs in planar microcavities and photonic wires. C. Ciuti in Phys. Rev. B 69:245304 (2004).
• Quantum complementarity of microcavity polaritons. S. Savasta, O. Di Stefano, V. Savona and W. Langbein in Phys. Rev. Lett. 94:246401 (2005).
• Polariton correlation in microcavities produced by parametric scattering. W. Langbein in Phys. Stat. Sol. B 242:2260 (2005).
• Polariton quantum blockade in a photonic dot. A. Verger, C. Ciuti and I. Carusotto in Phys. Rev. B 73:193306 (2006).
• Highly efficient generation of entangled photons by controlling cavity bipolariton states. H. Oka and H. Ishihara in Phys. Rev. Lett. 100:170505 (2008).
• Two-mode squeezing in polariton four-wave mixing. M. Romanelli, J. Ph. Karr, C. Leyder, E. Giacobino and A. Bramati in Phys. Rev. B 82:155313 (2010).
• Macroscopic quantum computation using Bose-Einstein condensates. T. Byrnes, K. Wen and Y. Yamamoto in Phys. Rev. A 85:040306 (2012).
• Neural networks using two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. T. Byrnes, S. Koyama, K. Yan K and Y. Yamamoto in Sci. Rep. 3:2531 (2013).
• Qubits based on polariton Rabi oscillators. S. S. Demirchyan, I. Yu. Chestnov, A. P. Alodjants, M. M. Glazov and A. V. Kavokin in Phys. Rev. Lett. 112:196403 (2014).
• Polariton-generated intensity squeezing in semiconductor micropillars. T. Boulier, M. Bamba, A. Amo, C. Adrados, A. Lemaître, E. Galopin, I. Sagnes, J. Bloch, C. Ciuti, E. Giacobino and A. Bramati in Nature Comm. 5:3260 (2014).
• All optical controlled-NOT gate based on an exciton–polariton circuit. D. D. Solnyshkov, O. Bleu and G. Malpuech in Superlatt. Microstruct. 83:466 (2015).
• Exciton-polariton quantum gates based on continuous variables. O. Kyriienko and T. C. H. Liew in Phys. Rev. B 93:035301 (2016).
• Entanglement properties of quantum polaritons. D. G. Suárez-Forero, G. Cipagauta, H. Vinck-Posada, K. M. Fonseca Romero, B. A. Rodríguez and D. Ballarini in Phys. Rev. B 93:205302 (2016).
• First observation of the quantized exciton-polariton field and effect of interactions on a single polariton. Á. Cuevas, J. C. López Carreño, B. Silva, M. De Giorgi, D. G. Suárez-Forero, C. Sánchez Muñoz, A. Fieramosca, F. Cardano, L. Marrucci, V. Tasco, G. Biasiol, E. del Valle, L. Dominici, D. Ballarini, G. Gigli, P. Mataloni, F. P. Laussy, F. Sciarrino and D. Sanvitto in Science Advances 4:eaao6814 (2018).
• Quantum exciton-polariton networks through inverse four-wave mixing. T. C. H. Liew and Y. G. Rubo in Phys. Rev. B 97:041302 (2018).
• Emergence of quantum correlations from interacting fibre-cavity polaritons. G. Muñoz-Matutano, A. Wood, M. Johnson, X. Vidal Asensio, B. Baragiola, A. Reinhard, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, A. Amo, B. Besga, M. Richard and T. Volz in Nature Mater. 18:213-218 (2019).
• Towards polariton blockade of confined exciton–polaritons. A. Delteil, T. Fink, A. Schade, S. Höfling, C. Schneider and A. İmamoğlu in Nature Mater. 18:219 (2019).
• Polariton exchange interactions in multichannel optical networks. M. Khazali, C. R. Murray and T. Pohl in Phys. Rev. Lett. 123:113605 (2019).
• Quantum hydrodynamics of a single particle. D. G. Suárez-Forero, V. Ardizzone, S. Filipe Covre da Silva, M. Reindl, A. Fieramosca, L. Polimeno, M. De Giorgi, L. Dominici, L. N. Pfeiffer, G. Gigli, D. Ballarini, F. Laussy, A. Rastelli and D. Sanvitto in Light: Sci. & App. 9:85 (2020).
• Quantum computing with exciton-polariton condensates. S. Ghosh and T. C. H. Liew in npj Quantum Inf. 6:16 (2020).
• Microcavity polaritons for quantum simulation. T. Boulier, M. J. Jacquet, A. Maître, G. Lerario, F. Claude, S. Pigeon, Q. Glorieux, A. Amo, J. Bloch, A. Bramati and E. Giacobino in Adv. Quantum Technol. 3 (2020).
• Single-photon nonlinearity at room temperature. A. V. Zasedatelev, A. V. Baranikov, D. Sannikov, D. Urbonas, F. Scafirimuto, V. Yu. Shishkov, E. S. Andrianov, Y. E. Lozovik, U. Scherf, T. Stöferle, R. F. Mahrt and P. G. Lagoudakis in Nature 597:493 (2021).
• Split-ring polariton condensates as macroscopic two-level quantum systems. Y. Xue, I. Chestnov, E. Sedov, E. Kiktenko, A. K. Fedorov, S. Schumacher, X. Ma and A. Kavokin in Phys. Rev. Res. 3:013099 (2021).
• Quantifying quantum coherence in polariton condensates. C. Lüders, M. Pukrop, E. Rozas, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, J. Sperling, S. Schumacher and M. Aßmann in Phys. Rev. X Quantum 2:030320 (2021).
• Polariton condensates for classical and quantum computing. A. Kavokin, T. C. H. Liew, C. Schneider, P. G. Lagoudakis, S. Klembt and S. Hoefling in Nature Rev. Phys. 4:435 (2022).
• The future of quantum in polariton systems: opinion. T. C. H. Liew in Opt. Mater. Express 13:1938 (2023).
• Qubit gate operations in elliptically trapped polariton condensates. L. S. Ricco, I. A. Shelykh and A. Kavokin in Sci. Rep. 14:4211 (2024).
• Qubit analog with polariton superfluid in an annular trap. J. Barrat, A. F. Tzortzakakis, M. Niu, X. Zhou, G. G. Paschos, D. Petrosyan and P. G. Savvidis in Science Advances 10:eado4042 (2024).