Latest revision as of 07:43, 4 March 2021

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the most common element in the Universe. Even ourselves, being made of about 70% of water, itself consisting of 66% hydrogen (!?), we are basically hydrogen. It is therefore an important object to understand in some details.

We cover Hydrogen in the Wolverhampton Lectures on Physics at Level 4 first through the Bohr model of the atom (old quantum theory) and then as a solution of Schrödinger's equation (modern theory). Then at Level 6 in Electrodynamics to study relativistic and quantum-field corrections.

Links

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Hydrogen Atom But Were Afraid to Ask by R. Telfer, a brief but comprehensive overview of the theory of the hydrogen atom.
Science-Direct's overview.

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 = Hydrogen =
-'''''Hydrogen''''' is the most common element in the Universe. Even ourselves, being made of about 70% of water, itself consisting of 66% hydrogen (the terminology ''hydrogen'' comes from ''making water''), we are basically hydrogen.  It is therefore an important object to understand in some details.
+'''''Hydrogen''''' is the most common element in the Universe. Even ourselves, being made of about 70% of water, itself consisting of 66% hydrogen <wz tip="The terminology ''hydrogen'' comes from ''making water''.">(!?)</wz>, we are basically hydrogen.  It is therefore an important object to understand in some details.
-== The Bohr model ==
+We cover Hydrogen in [[the Wolverhampton Lectures on Physics]] at Level 4 first through the [[WLV_XI/OldTheory|Bohr model]] of the atom (old quantum theory) and then as a [[WLV_XI/ModernTheory|solution of Schrödinger's equation]] (modern theory). Then at Level 6 in Electrodynamics to study relativistic and quantum-field corrections.
-Spectroscopy in the late 19th century discovered that the radiation from hydrogen consisted of spectral lines, i.e., the emission occurs at precise frequencies.
+== Links ==
-<center><wz tip="On the left is a tube with Hydrogen excited by a 5000V transformer. The three prominent hydrogen lines are shown on the right through a 600 lines/mm diffraction grating (from Dr Rod Nave). They are four visible lines.">[[File:hydrogen-visible-emission.png|200px]]</wz></center>
+* [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Everything-You-Always-Wanted-to-Know-About-the-Atom-Telfer/25cc5f1ff04f5955dd9fb780c7c5587ede32f9ea Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Hydrogen Atom But Were Afraid to Ask] by R. Telfer, a brief but comprehensive overview of the theory of the hydrogen atom.  {{pdf|File:hydrogen-essay.pdf}}
+* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/hydrogen-atoms Science-Direct's overview].
-Empirically, it was found (by [[Rydberg]]) that the lines occurred at wavelengths following this formula:
-$${\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda _{\mathrm {vac} }}}=R_{\text{H}}\left({\frac {1}{n_{1}^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{n_{2}^{2}}}\right),}$$